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How did they define what jobs are higher priority than others?

ruclips.net/video/h2Ug4OrtExU/видео.htmlsi=hECmbO1ytN6qcDCX

I like this im from the us our classroom in the 1980s used the trs80 model 3 and our teacher had a special one a souped up 3 or a tandy 4 i think it was a bus network i think it shared data from the teachers hard disc or floppies i remember playing empire and something like cannon fodder or pillbox game around 1983 and 84 i would love to have a job learning these old systems and restoring them and setting up these networks

Meh. I lost interest after 20 minutes.

Does anyone know the line discipline in use? My best guess is 50 baud (standard in Europe where 45.45 was standard in the US). Also I know that Baudot/ITA2 had 5 bit sync codes for start and end of message, but were there also start bits and stop bits for each 5 bit transmission unit? Also, does anyone know the FSK interval between mark and space? 170 Hz seems to have been a common standard.

The best replacement for a 1943 pentode valve is an 8 billion MOSFET FPGA.

Regarding why the rendezvous radar was left on, Buzz Aldrin said in an interview that he left it on deliberately. He described the mission planners and engineers as seeing the priorities differently than he did. But he's on video saying he left the radar on despite the checklist.

Fascinating but a hard listen too because the speaker is not at all fluent.

17:55 well.. the plain Polish is easy and just explains the reasoning, some of the permutation products are also obvious (odd and even letters of the alphabet) but in general "mumbojumbo" :D I hate math

Absolutely fascinating I wish I had seen that earlier in my life.

11:57

Fascinating background details.

Awesome.

Soviets never had a chance on the moon landing

FANTASTIC PRESENTATION! EXCELLENT MATERIAL COVERAGE! THANKS SO MUCH!

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Early enigma machines were commercially available before the war. They were spendy and had a limited market but they weren't something the Nazi war effort created, they were in production many years prior to the Nazis. The enigma machines that were eventually used by the Nazis were somewhat more complicated than their commercial antecedents and the version used on the submarines had an extra wheel. (7 instead of 6) The code breakers discovered and developed methods for deciphering the enigma messages that included helps like some Nazi enigma operators were lazy and didn't reset the wheels each shift or before each message (I forget which) and this allowed the codebreakers to detect a pattern that led, along with the other methods, to deciphering messages.

So glad I found this video - thanks for taking the time to post it!

a very good documentary, i knew the poles were involved with the inigma before bledgely but not so much

What you need to know is how many times Poland saved Europe (if not more than that) from every known form of evil. Just Google Poland followed by dates: 1683, 1920, 1939, 1980, 1989.

1:06:20 finely noted, the Cyrillic letter Ч (Ch) has the same code point as the figure 4 that has similar graphical appearance,. It is indeed typed in the figures shift, and is indistinguishable from the figure 4 to the extent that even modern telegrams sent over some legacy networks still in place (e.g. the AFTN or the railway telex system) are in all caps and and print 4 instead of Ч (or vice versa. Meet me at 1Ч:00 hours) Humans easily understand the context, but machine parsing is a kind of nightmare. To type Ч, Э, Ш, Щ, or Ю one has to switch to figures shift, type the letter, and switch back to Cyrillic (РУС), emitting three Baudot/Murray/ITA2/МТК2 characters, only one of which is printable. I guess that helped the Western cryptographers a lot, especially knowing those characters do not appear together grammatically, nor likely to appear at the end of a word. Also the Ю (Yu) doubles as the bell. A soviet machine rings the bell and types Ю, unlike the Western counterparts which would just ring the bell and not print anything nor advance the tape. What happens if you type a character in the wrong shift (e.g. 4 in the Latin or Cyrillic mode)? Nothing happens, the key doesn't go all the way and the machine doesn't print or transmit anything. The apostrophe was indeed used in mainline russian instead of the modern hard sign Ъ in the 1920-1930s when the US system was copied and extended for Cyrillic, in form of a СТ-35 (start-stop, model of 1935) teleprinter, a close copy of a Creed machine that prints on a thin gummed tape. I own a later iteration of the ST-35 which annoyingly uses lots of M2.5, M3.5 and M7 screws (standard metric, but not exactly commonplace) to stay close to the original specified in US imperial threads and sizes. The ITA2/МТК2 Cyrillic mapping helps with understanding messages sent in the wrong shift, most characters matching to expected transliteration. It persisted well into the 1990s-early 2000s Internet as the KOI-8 character set, an 8-bit extension to the ASCII. It has been since obsoleted by Unicode, but lingers to this day in Morse code, used mostly by the radio amateurs and some military operators. There are some quirky bits: Cyrillic в (V) is mapped onto Latin W, whereas ж (Zh) counter-intuitively maps onto a V. Also, using a teleprinter with a JCUKEN Latin keyboard a bit mind-breaking for modern users accustomed to the QWERTY layout.

Didn’t Biden say he decoded enigma?

Enigma cracking is overrated once you understand that it's a benignly simple and repetitive replacement algorithm that lends itself to cracking exactly and specifically because of its repetitive nature. I can take a cup with two dice, make a one-time pad cypher (even one layered on the other), write it by hand on a piece of two identical papers, and communicate from point A to point B without it EVER being cracked. "Solving" the Enigma is in comparison as "difficult" as counting cards in a game.

A very clear and simple lecture. It's clear the speaker loves this old sh!t. Huzzah for Margret Hamilton!

Thank you for your comment! We are talking about a full-fledged Turing-complete computer with storage of data and programs in RAM. Regarding works of Konrad Zuse Z1, Z3, Z4 the differences : 1) the program was not stored in the computer memory, but on tape; 2) looping (reversal of the tape) was not assumed, which indicates not complete by Turing. That confirms, and does not refute, the fact that the first Such computer in continental Europe was the Ukrainian MEOM computer. Quote: "The Manchester Baby of 1948 along with the Manchester Mark 1 and EDSAC both of 1949 were the world's earliest working computers that stored program instructions and data in the same space."

Where did you get rsts10 from?

this looks and sounds like something from the 90s :( i am sure you guys could have done better

"in the Ukraine... regarded as Europe's first digital computer"??? You must be kidding me... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z3_(computer) Nice history revisions going on here. EDIT: the Z3 was indeed Turing-complete, even though it might not have been very practical to write certain types of programs. Having a shared program and data memory in RAM is the characteristics of a von-Neumann machine, and should not be confused with Turing completeness. Quote: " It was possible to construct loops on the Z3, but there was no conditional branch instruction. Nevertheless, the Z3 was Turing-complete - how to implement a universal Turing machine on the Z3 was shown in 1998 by Raúl Rojas." en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z3_(computer)#Z3_as_a_universal_Turing_machine The statement you are making in the intro (quoted above) is, in this generality, still wrong.

The Poles originally deciphered the Enigma and gave the solution to the English in 1939 before the war. This whole idea and movie that the English deciphered the machine is another attempt by history to minimize the depth of The Polish nation in world affairs. The Kosciusko Squadron and many Polish aviators helped save England in 1940 and then rewarded their efforts by Not inviting them to the allied parade in 1946 and then Churchill gave Poland to the Russians after the war. Thank you Great Britain. Sorry if we never trust you again.

Well considering all 3 of them were born in the same year (1930) but Buzz is now the only man still standing, maybe sometimes persistence does help LOL

8:22 - and this is where hardware engineers understand that there are LIES, DAMNED LIES, AND DATASHEETS.

One of the great lectures on RUclips. I tell everyone I know about this video. Really good stuff...Thanks

This is silly! Pocket calculators are "MORE" special!

Fascinating. What a power couple. They should've been talked about more in ComSci history.

And years later they found the Germans had lodged a patent. Sat in the Patent Office.

Super snapshot of IT back then

Only thing missing really were proper 6250-density old-school tape drives ! 🙂

Great to see disk heads whacking around, really add something authentic to the video

I try to rewatch it once in a year

OMG. Cool. 2X5 weave cipher. Kryptos link. In a way thats what they did along with a cryptic pipeline of a type. I was wondering with the 5's comming up. The weave of cipher. 2 sides. Very cool. Thank you for sharing the rich history.

Thank you so much for the Silicon Nostalgia! Being in the USA I had the Timex version of the Sinclair ZX81, for about two minutes before I called to get a return number. The C-64 is something I still use for gaming (through emulation) to feed my Repton addiction.

NASA SP287 " WHAT MADE APOLLO A SUCCESS ??? " " of course , the way we got this job done was with meeting , big meetings , little meeting hundreds of meetings ! " the thing we always tried to do in these meetings was to encourage every one no matter how (( shy )) to speak out !!! " hopefully ( but not always ) without being subjected to (( ridicule )) ??? shy and ridiculed for speak what ???

May you understand and resolve that The Memory Code is inherently probabilistic morality by default logic of temporal thermodynamical superposition identification, each of us a unique positioning of what it means to Be Here Now as the POV of human Individuality, representatives of common coherence-cohesion sense objectives in the patterning of QM-TIME Completeness. "God" is distributed as relative-timing principles, not personal possession of an authoritative Totality. Obviously!

The magical-functional judgement of the self-defining meaning of "coincidence" is as simple superposition identification of holography dimensionality, and/or the Calendar type Tabulated matrices of elemental e-Pi-i sync-duration resonance shell-horizons in continuous creation-connection time-timing-phase combination/permutations of differentiates.

The magical-functional judgement of the self-defining meaning of "coincidence" is as simple superposition identification of holography dimensionality, and/or the Calendar type Tabulated matrices of elemental e-Pi-i sync-duration resonance shell-horizons in continuous creation-connection time-timing-phase combination/permutations of differentiates.

This is fun, a simple enough representation of magical-functional log-antilog interference positioning-location condensation logic to know what the sum-of-all-histories probability of multi-phase parallel coexistence differentiates is, and how it operates in the Correspondence Principle Imagery projection-drawing of e-Pi-i 1-0-infinity sync-duration, inside-outside holographic reciprocation-recirculation picture-plane focus of AM-FM time-timing modulation cause-effect mechanism. Every solution in a holographic positioning presence is unique in uniqueness.

Do you have a video on Kryptos ?

but can the Guidance computer run crysis?

The truth is that my MRS. dropped it on the concrete floor in the scullery.

It should be noted that Hal Laning was responsible for the prioritization software with Dick Battin. Margaret Hamilton is responsible for writing code to provide a visible alert when the computer was doing its job. This visible alert code was to not be included in flight no approval for flight though was not removed. The software Hamilton is credited with (basically everything) was primarily Laning, Battin and Don Eyles.